The introduction of stationary storage systems within the Italian electricity grid is functional to the objectives of progressive decarbonization of the energy system through non-programmable renewables.
\n To verify its actual sustainability, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing can be used to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts, respectively, throughout the entire life cycle. This work modeled the full life cycle of lithium ion batteries, considering primary and literature data, and developed an innovative analysis of environmental impacts throughout the entire life cycle (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"targets":[1314,1317],"pubblicazioni_tipologie":[773],"class_list":["post-192657","pubblicazioni","type-pubblicazioni","status-publish","hentry","targets-press-media-en","targets-research","pubblicazioni_tipologie-isi-article-en"],"acf":{"order_posts":"","dont_show_search":false,"projects":false,"related_posts":false,"dont_show_hompage":false,"show_on_slider":false,"single_post_data":{"titolo_spot":"","post_content":"
In this framework, life cycle assessment is a suitable tool for evaluating the environmental impacts during the entire life cycle of stationary storage systems, i.e. their sustainability. A full life cycle assessment (LCA) of lithium ion battery (lithium iron phosphate (LFP), nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) 532 and NMC 622) was performed based on primary and literature data. The LCA revealed that energy consumption (mainly during cell production), battery design (particularly the choice of binder), inventory accuracy and data quality are key aspects that can strongly influence the results. Regarding the battery construction phase, the LFP battery showed better performance than NMC, but when the end-of-life (EoL) phase is considered, the performance of NMC cells became very close to LFP. The sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, according to the Monte Carlo methodology, confirmed that the results (with the exception of the freshwater eutrophication<\/em> indicator) were characterized by low dispersion and that the choice of the energy mix, during the different phases of the battery life, significantly influenced the overall impact. The use of primary and updated battery cell production data, such as those used in this paper, was necessary to obtain reliable results, and the application to a European production line is novel to this work.<\/p>\n","scarica_file":false,"link_estreno":[{"link_text":"Download ISI Article","link":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/14\/8\/2047"}],"button":{"text":"","link":""},"referente_group":false,"data_emissione":"2021-04-08","autori":"M. L. Carvalho, B. Marmiroli, P. Girardi (RSE S.p.A.)","destinazione":"MDPI Energies Vol. 14, N. 2047","rif_rse":"21003269"},"satellite_post_url":""},"yoast_head":"\n