The document is divided into an introductory chapter, in which the main national and international research programs and the main objectives of the three-year project are presented, followed by four chapters on the specific objectives of the Annual Implementation Plan – PAR 2014, for which the main results, motivations and research, as well as the development phases of the same, and a brief summary of the activities carried out in the previous PAR. Chapter 6 describes the collaborations with universities and industry. Chapters 8 and 9 briefly describe the activities of the national and international working groups: EERA, IEC, CENELEC and CEI. Knowledge dissemination was carried out continuously through the publication of articles and presentations and through collaboration with AEEGSI, ANIE, AEIT, FIAMM and Telecom Italia.
The general objective of the project is to test small-scale electrical energy storage systems in order to develop aging models, diagnostics and battery management techniques, and to develop high-temperature electrochemical storage technologies. In particular, the following activities were carried out:

• the development of a new algorithm for estimating the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries, based on a first-order electrical model of the cell, capable of correcting any offset in the measurement of the cell current and leading to a correct estimate even after an incorrect initialization;
• continuation of life testing to verify the improvement offered by a hybrid storage system (battery-supercapacitor) compared to the use of a battery; 
• modeling of the vanadium Redox battery installed in the RSE GD test facility, through a series of characterization tests; 
• regulatory activity on electrolyte circulating batteries. 
• the development of a planar cell configuration for high temperature batteries using sodium nickel chloride technology. These batteries can play an important role in supporting the transmission and distribution of electricity, intervening in conditions of voltage dips and/or voltage and frequency instability, and generally improving power quality. For this type of application, the storage system must be characterized by very fast response times and high power. From this point of view, the creation of a planar battery configuration would make it possible to obtain batteries characterized not only by high energy densities (typical of this type of storage), but also by improved power densities.