In recent years, the issue of energy security has become central, particularly in an energy context marked by continuous shocks and instability at national, regional, and global levels. Consequently, starting in 2023, RSE launched a new research initiative aimed at integrating energy security assessment into the analysis of decarbonization scenarios for the Italian energy system.

The goal is to provide more tangible support to governance, helping it to fully understand the implications of adopted policies and strategies.

The activity conducted in 2024, as documented in this report, partly focused on improving the assessment methodology to make it more comprehensive and nuanced. The process was structured around two main actions: gathering feedback from experts and stakeholders and reviewing the most recent studies, followed by the analysis of proposed or previously unexplored aspects. Additionally, a study phase was initiated to define an overall energy security indicator capable of synthesizing various metrics into a single numerical value, enabling comparisons between Italy and other countries.

The report also includes an overview of the national, European, and global energy contexts to identify the latest dynamics concerning security issues.

The assessment methodology was applied to historical data and projections from the “Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan” (PNIEC) decarbonization scenario, whose final version was developed with RSE’s contribution and submitted by the Italian government to the European Commission during the summer of 2024.

From a methodological standpoint, the set of indicators may be expanded in the future to ensure increasingly comprehensive and reliable assessments. Moreover, the procedure for aggregating indicators could be finalized, allowing for the attribution of a single value to measure the level of energy security.

The Report is available on the Italian site