In recent years, various transportation sectors have embraced the shift towards electrification. This includes the adoption of electric technology in heavier vehicles, typically known for their rigorous operational schedules and substantial energy consumption. Their electrification, therefore, requires careful analysis to assess their energy needs and charging requirements, allowing for a proper integration into the power system.

The research activity outlined in this report is focused on the electrification of ferries and boats for passenger transport in lake areas, heavy road vehicles for freight and passenger transport, and finally, vehicles used for urban hygiene. In the context of lake areas, starting from the energy characterization and the definition of the charging profile of fully electrified ships, the activity aims to identify the most promising solution to integrate “opportunity” high-power charging infrastructure within two reference ports, also considering the introduction of renewable energy plants coupled with stationary storage systems.

This activity concludes with a comparison between electric, plug-in hybrid, diesel, and HVO solutions, based on Total Cost of Ownership, demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of electrified versions even in the short term. Regarding heavy road transport, regulatory aspects, operational requirements, economic considerations, and market issues related to the adoption of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles and their respective charging/refueling stations are examined.

Additionally, through a simulation model, the energy consumption of various categories of electric heavy-duty vehicles is evaluated, identifying their charging requirements. The activity related to vehicles used for urban hygiene includes energy and economic analyses for various categories of street sweepers. These analyses led to the sizing of battery packs and the definition of the total charging profile in a scenario of a fully electrified fleet. At the end of the study, an economic comparison was conducted between the diesel and electric solutions, highlighting how the higher purchase costs of electric vehicles are only partially offset by lower operating costs due to fuel and maintenance.

The document is available on the site in Italian