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Studies and modeling for the analysis of the functioning and possibilities of inserting superconducting cables in AC and DC electrical networks: comparisons and analyses of the basic thermodynamic properties of cryogenic fluids, verification of stationary fluid dynamic models on various case studies, first implementations for the fluid dynamic modeling in non-stationary regime

reports - Deliverable

Studies and modeling for the analysis of the functioning and possibilities of inserting superconducting cables in AC and DC electrical networks: comparisons and analyses of the basic thermodynamic properties of cryogenic fluids, verification of stationary fluid dynamic models on various case studies, first implementations for the fluid dynamic modeling in non-stationary regime

Several themes concerning superconducting cables were developed in 2020. A substantial part of the activity was oriented towards the definition of fluid dynamic modeling methods in single-phase non-stationary regime and the study of the calculation methodologies of AC losses in SAT cables. The one-dimensional mathematical model describing the thermo-fluid-dynamic behavior of cryogenic fluids most relevant for the application of SAT cables cooled by forced convection was also developed.

The aim of this work is to provide useful tools for the assessment of superconducting cable behavior as a function of operating conditions, with particular reference to conditions that can influence the effectiveness of cable refrigeration, their electromagnetic behavior and hence their reliability and safety. The research contract between RSE and the Politecnico di Torino continued in 2020 with the aim of performing a mutual benchmark between the RSE model – developed in 2016 for the simulation of the thermo-fluid dynamic behavior of cryogenic fluids in forced convection in SAT cables for the transport of power in stationary conditions and for the evaluation of the stability of the cable as its refrigeration varies – and the 4C software in use at the Politecnico di Torino. A study on the methods of calculating AC losses in SAT cables was started with the collaboration of the Università di Bologna, which is to be considered preparatory for a similar, but more in-depth activity, to be developed in 2021. The development of the one-dimensional mathematical model that describes the thermo-fluid-dynamic behavior of cryogenic fluids most relevant for the application of SAT cables cooled by forced convection went on: one of the most relevant and innovative aspects of this study lies in the fact that the properties of cryogenic fluids are not obtained from appropriate tables, but are analytically calculated on the basis of data made publicly available by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology – USA). In particular, the values of all the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of each fluid can be calculated with functions completely integrated in the software which are identical for all the fluids in terms of analytical formulation, but are directed, via the fluid index, to internally employ the correct set of numerical coefficients, varying according to the fluid, which characterize the cryogenic fluid in use. Finally, a preliminary comparison was conducted between the simulation results obtained by RSE with its own software and by the Politecnico di Torino using the 4C software.

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