Europe’s energy and climate policies, promoted by theStrategic Energy Technology Plan (SETPlan)and theEnergy Union Package, are bringing about changes in the electricity system that are making its management increasingly complex. Generation from non-programmable renewable energy sources is gradually growing at the detriment of thermoelectric generation, and this makes the provision of system services difficult and expensive and the risk of contingencies increases accordingly. Adding to these critical issues is the risk ofwide areapropagation of disruptions due to the exploitation of interconnections between national grids, which were created to ensure mutual aid but are now increasingly used for massive commercial power transactions. Last but not least, it is evident that the electricity system is increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, whose intensity has increased due to climate change, and environmental hazards that cause social impacts and huge economic damage every year.

In response to these critical issues, the Project continues to develop the studies, methods and tools launched in 2015 to support energy operators.

In order to assess the dynamic quasi-onlinesecurity of the interconnected transmission grid in the face of variable generation and loads, thesecurity assessmentmethodology developed in synergy with the iTESLA project was validated, taking into account forecasting uncertainties.

For the monitoring and control of electrical systems, aLimited Bandwidth Derivativeoperator was identified which calculates the grid frequency and its derivative.

At AEEGSI (Italian Regulatory Authority for Electricity, Gas and the Water System) and CEI working tables, methodologies were proposed to quantify the resilience of the grid in the face of extreme events. Forwet-snowevents, the first maps of maximum ice and wind loads on the lines were created, which will be made available on WOLF’s newwebGIS site, and testing ofanti-icingcurrents at the WILD station continued.

To improve the flexibilisation of combined cycles, a material damage law was created with TMF experimental tests and a dynamic plant simulator is being developed.

To realise a tool for seismic risk mapping of existing dams, fast methods have been developed to classify their structural vulnerability and identify a simplified flooding map resulting in a potentialdam-break. Several structural and hydraulic studies were also conducted: analysis of seismic recordings; design of experimental methods to assess the evolution of AAR in dam concretes over time; adaptation of FLOODRISK to the Flood Directive guidelines, and SPH modelling developments on SPHERA v.8.0 (RSE SpA).