On 13 November 2018, the European Parliament ratified the agreements reached with the Council of the European Union and the European Commission in June 2018 on three important pillars of theClean Energy Package: the new directives on renewables and energy efficiency and the Energy Uniongovernanceregulation. Adding to these agreements, which are redrawing the energy consumption map, is an awareness of the risks and costs associated with climate change, so much so that in the Paris Agreement adopted at COP21, industrialized countries pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to curb global warming.

In the light of these guidelines, in Italy, a new National Energy Strategy was issued with the Interministerial Decree dated 10 November 2017, and it has now become urgent to prepare the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), required by the Energy Union, which must be submitted to the European Community by 2018.

In this context, RSE has provided support to thegovernancefor the drafting of the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan, by constructing and evaluating energy scenarios with the MONET and TIMES-RSE models (the latter still in the development phase). These studies also analysed the impact of policyscenarios on the electrical system and in particular on the system in Sardinia, considering thephase-outof coal and assuming different interventions to remove criticalities.

In line with the 2015-2017 Three-year Period, insights were made on the scenarios of evolution of electricity consumption to 2050, focusing on the Service and Residential sectors, and electricity bill costs were updated to 2017.

A revision of the technology input data used in the scenario studies was also proposed, starting from a database developed in 2016 as part of the Technical Board for the Decarbonisation of the Economy, coordinated by the Prime Minister’s Office.

In the second case, in-depth studies were carried out to assess the influence of primary data and their geographic dimension the results of the water footprint methodology applied to the national electricity mix in terms of water consumption and water scarcity footprint.

Finally, we continued the development of the SunRiSE portal for the dissemination of data and forecasts of energy produced by FRNP, which was launched in the 2015-2017 Three-year Period.