In addition to the battery electrification of cars, hydrogen technology could also make a contribution to the decarbonization of the private vehicle fleet. It is precisely from this perspective that, as part of the System Research project 2.6 “Scenarios and tools for electric mobility and its integration and interaction with the electricity system”, a line of study was launched on the possible use of hydrogen in the private transportation sector, with particular reference to use cases involving long distances, as happens for some company fleets. This year’s activity initially focused on describing the technical features, the costs and the diffusion of hydrogen cars in Italy, Europe, and the world. The development plans were analyzed and the critical issues and opportunities for the future of the sector were identified. After that, an overview of the hydrogen refueling infrastructure was provided. Starting from the analysis of the current state of diffusion, the typical station layouts with related construction times and costs were described, finally highlighting the opportunities and critical issues for the sector development.