The 2050 climate neutrality target requires the involvement of technologically advanced and clean solutions. In this context, green hydrogen is a strategic candidate to accelerate the transition process, by increasing the possibility of achieving long-term objectives. Focusing on green hydrogen means exploiting its advantages and addressing its main challenges, which are of a techno-economic, social and geopolitical nature.
The transition must therefore be understood as an intrinsically multidisciplinary and dynamic process which, du to the involvement of multiple sectors and actors, requires a multi-level approach to be effectively integrated with the complex framework of policy measures and actions supported by scenario analyses.
Notably, this report delves into the key contribution of green hydrogen to the transition; the analysis concerns opportunities arising from cross-border cooperation in the Mediterranean and examines whether and how global policy measures are fostering their adoption.
In order to develop a strategic evaluation of potential interconnections, several tools are introduced to build a structured decision-making approach; in particular, it is possible to develop potential strategies and interventions using qualitative and quantitative information and georeferenced data.
Based on a multi-criteria analysis on Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Libya and Tunisia, considering qualitative and quantitative information relating to society, technology, environment, geopolitics and economics, Morocco proved to be the most suitable country for the production of green hydrogen in North Africa. A preliminary study is therefore conducted regarding the possibility of producing green hydrogen in some areas in Morocco. The theoretical maximum potential is calculated according to different exclusion criteria, in order to develop in the future a multi-criteria approach based on constraints which concern multiple barriers and thus decrease the production potential.
This offers an overview of the complexity of the approach, which is supported by a multidisciplinary vision of the issue. Indeed, exploiting cross-border interconnections with the aim of guiding and enhancing the adoption of new technologies, sharing knowledge on the one hand and available resources on the other, requires a holistic and dynamic analysis, enriched by the perspectives of the many and various actors involved.