The study illustrates the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the electricity scenarios in Italy, developed in the National Integrated Plan for Energy and Climate (PNIEC). A fully representative LCA of the national electricity system was conducted, taking into consideration a large number of different types of power plants for current (2016) and future (2030) energy mixes. The study confirms that LCA can be a powerful tool to support energy planning and strategy evaluation. In fact, the results highlighted not only the improvement of the environmental profile from the current mix to the future mix (the impacts decrease from 2016 to 2030 due to the transition towards renewables, mainly wind and photovoltaic), but also underline the difference between two 2030 scenarios (as the scenario that shows the best environmental profile among those that include the strategic objectives of the PNIEC for 2030), providing an evaluation of the impact of the different energy policies. For example, in the PNIEC scenario, the CO₂eq / kWh parameter is 46% lower than the current scenario and 37% lower than the 2030 scenario. Furthermore, by considering different impact categories, it was possible to identify potential environmental trade-offs. The results suggest the need for future investigation into the data on photovoltaic technologies, the materials used and their future development.