During the 2019-2021 research period, RSE analyzed the electrification opportunities in various transport sectors, complementing the investigations conducted on private cars. Technological advancements, particularly in energy storage systems, appear to open up interesting opportunities for electrification of vehicles with higher consumption and power compared to private cars. This document outlines the activities carried out in the final year, focusing on the following sectors:

•Heavy goods transport, particularly with Electric Road System (ERS) technology;
•Waste collection vehicles;
•Public lakes transport vessels;
•Large stationary ships, with cold ironing solutions;
•Construction machinery.

For heavy goods transport, recent innovations and trials of ERS technologies, both abroad and in Italy, were analyzed. For waste collection vehicles, the study explored conversion opportunities for certain types of vehicles, considering both their energy consumption and the available time for recharging, including night-time and break periods. A similar approach was applied to public lake transport vessels, including initial monitoring of recharges performed by the only two hybrid vessels operating on Italian lakes. For large ships, the focus was on their connection to shore power during extended port stays. Various action options for port areas were assessed, including not only ship connections but also the integration of renewable energy systems. Finally, construction machinery was addressed for the first time, with an analysis of the state of the art and simulation of a “typical construction site”. Despite some differences across sectors, the analyses showed that the transition from fossil fuels to electric power is not exclusively limited to cars and private transport. RSE’s work provides operators, industries, public administrations, and policymakers with relevant technical, economic, regulatory, and environmental insights to guide their future activities in the new areas of electrification.