The document summarizes the results of the impact assessments of the most innovative forms of mobility in the various forms of transport.

It assesses the technical and economic potential of the provision of flexible charging services by electric bus fleets. On the basis of that done during the previous reference periods of the System Research, the activity consisted of the in-depth study of intelligent charging management methods, in possible association with distributed generation and on-site storage systems, for access by operators of the road-based electric Local Public Transport (TPL) to the Market for the Dispatching Service (MSD), in particular through Mixed Enabled Virtual Units (UVAMs).

More precisely, the study defined the criteria for access to this market and the hypotheses for the use of vehicle batteries for the provision of balancing services during charging (based on the vehicles’ time spent at the depot in the various time slots); a case study based on public data was then simulated, in synergy with Project 2.2 ‘Architecture and management models of the system and electricity networks and regulation that promote the integration of renewable and non-programmable generation, self-production, storage, energy communities and aggregators and that take into account electricity penetration’, focusing on the evaluation of the possible economic viability, for the TPL operator, of such services.

Subsequently, new regulatory and regulatory tariff aspects are explored in light of recent legal-administrative provisions (in particular ARERA DCO 318/19, the Council of State ruling in terms of ‘energy-intensive’ classification for public transport companies, etc.) that require a technical and economic assessment of future scenarios. The results show how there are multiple potential forms of recovery of investments in electric buses that public transport companies will be able to exploit in the future. Finally, public transport in the form of naval, rail and air is seeing interesting foreign experiences and the first national initiatives (in particular with regard to lake transport in Piedmont and Lombardy-Veneto), which are described in the report.