The evolutionary path of decarbonization has taken a further step towards achieving the 2050 climate neutrality target proposed by the Green Deal with the update of European measures and policies collected in the Fit for 55 package. The transport sector plays an important role, accounting for around 33% of the final energy savings expected between 2020 and 2030, making it the second most important sector after the residential sector and ahead of industry and the tertiary sector. The hypothesized actions are aimed at reducing the need for mobility, increasing collective mobility, particularly by rail, and shifting freight from road to rail. The aim of this work is to identify possible solutions for the transition to sustainable transport from the point of view of both extra-urban and urban mobility.
Firstly, the results of urban and national studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mobility behavior and the potential of smart working to reduce travel are presented.
The work then focused on long-distance travel, developing a multimodal model to simulate the mobility of people in Italy at the interprovincial level. The study is based on the origin-destination matrix obtained from the TLC cellular network data, which makes it possible to reconstruct the picture of mobility demand, in this case on a weekday. On this basis, efficiency scenarios for 2030 were defined in order to assess the impact of more sustainable mobility policies from both a demand and a supply perspective. The results are presented in terms of energy-environmental mobility indicators and an economic assessment, examining the performance in terms of achieving the decarbonization targets set by the PNIEC and the Green Deal for the transport sector.
It shows how different measures must contribute to achieving the targets, such as strengthening the rail infrastructure, promoting electric cars, using smart working and adopting specific policies.
This was followed by a contextualization of the economic impact of green mobility, describing the main Italian policies and sources of funding in the transport sector. Finally, a preliminary analysis of freight transport was carried out in preparation for the continuation of the activity.