Systematic monitoring and control actions are necessary to ensure the safe operation of penstocks and their safety organs. Newly constructed pipelines provide guarantees of durability over time due to improved construction techniques, increased controls on the materials used, and better knowledge of monitoring both their structural behavior and the area in which they are located. In Italy, many pipelines still in operation have exceeded their design life. In order to ensure their safe operation, it is necessary to promote asseveration processes that enable the accurate assessment of various aspects related to the state of preservation of the materials, the geological and geotechnical context and the structural response of the pipelines according to current standards and to propose rehabilitation actions, where necessary. Another aspect that deserves attention is certainly the analysis of risk associated with human activities, which can enable companies operating such infrastructure systems to identify priority actions to ensure their safe operation.

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