Each line has its own chapter, which is divided into several topics, and for each of them the main results, objectives and motivations of the research are reported, as well as the development phases of the same and a brief summary of the activities carried out in the previous PAR. This is followed by a brief description of activities in related EU projects and national and international working groups: IEA, CIGRE, EEGI, Smart Grid Coordination Group, IEC, CENELEC, CEI, etc.
Dissemination of knowledge was ongoing through the publication of articles and presentations at conferences, as detailed in the final chapter.Contacts with component manufacturers and electricity network operators were particularly intensive, such as the collaboration with ANIE, Enel Distribuzione, A2A and ACEA, as well as with telecommunications operators such as Telecom Italia and Vodafone, with whom the topic of integration between electricity and communications networks for the development of smart grids was initiated. In addition, during this PAR, a collaboration with A2A was launched in the context of the A2A – CP Lambrate initiative, one of the eight smart medium-voltage grid pilot projects approved by the AEEGSI (the Italian energy regulator – now ARERA). RSE will participate by integrating its GD test facility into the pilot plant, which is effectively a low voltage microgrid with a configurable topology made up of different generation systems, storage systems and loads.
The general objective of the project is to study, develop models and test methodologies and technologies suitable for promoting the transition towards active distribution grids, i.e. forms of generation distributed over the territory, with a strong presence of non-programmable renewable sources, managed efficiently and able to guarantee services to the national energy system in terms of security and quality of electricity supply and environmental compatibility.

The project therefore aimed to:

• develop models and algorithms for the management and control of distributed energy resources and their testing on some active medium-voltage grids and at the RSE GD test facility;
• study and apply communication technologies for active grids;
• develop electronic converters and test protection systems;
• study and test active direct current grids, including the analysis of fault problems.